Pfeilgiftfrösche (Dendrobatidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Dendrobates azureus  

deutscher Name: azurblauer Baumsteiger 

Verbreitung: Sipaliwini-Savanne, südliches Surinam, isolierte Population möglicherweise im benachbarten Guyana

Klima im Lebensraum: tropischer Regenwald, Temperaturen tags zwischen 25-28 °C, nachts 20-22 °C, rel. LF > 80 %

Details                    Froschruf                        Verbreitungskarte

 

SPECIES: Dendrobates azureus Hoogmoed, 1969.

Dendrobates azureus Hoogmoed, 1969, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 44: 134. Holotype: RMNH 13837A. Type locality: "Sipaliwini, forest island on western slope Vier Gebroeders Mountain, 2° N 55° 58' W, Surinam". 

ENGLISH NAME(S): Blue Poison Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Sci. Common Names Rept. Amph. World: 49). Giant Poison Frog (CITES). 

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the vicinity of the type locality (Surinam). 

COMMENT: In the Dendrobates tinctorius group. Possibly derived from Dendrobates tinctorius, according to Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 43. 

Pfeilgiftfrösche (Dendrobatidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Dendrobates pumilio 

deutscher Name: Erdbeerfröschchen 

Verbreitung: Nicaragua - Panama

Klima im Lebensraum: tropischer Regenwald, Temperaturen tags zwischen 23-30 °C, nachts 20 °C, rel. LF > 80 %

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SPECIES: Dendrobates pumilio O. Schmidt, 1857.

SYNONYMS: 

• Dendrobates pumilio O. Schmidt, 1857, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 24: 12. Holotype: KM 1018/1346; lost according to Savage, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 762; Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 37. Type locality: "Neu-Granada"; restricted to "der Weg zwischen Bocca del toro und dem Vulcan Chiriqui [Panama]...zwischen 5000' und 7000' Höhe" [Polish feet, therefore = 1150-1160 m, according to Savage,1970,  Proc. California Acad. Sci., (4)38: 273-288] by Schmidt, 1858, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 14: 249.

• Hylaplesia pumilio--Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 126. 

• Dendrobates typographus Keferstein, 1867, Nachr. K. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 18: 360. Holotype: ZFMK 28115 (by implication) according to Böhme and Bischoff, 1984, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 19: 179. Type locality: "Costarica". Synonymy by Dunn, 1941, Copeia, 1941: 88; Savage, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 761; Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat.Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 11.

• Dendrobates ignitus Cope, 1874, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 26: 68. Syntypes: ANSP 2724-29, according to Dunn, 1951, Copeia, 1951: 58, and Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 37. Only one specimen noted in description. Type locality: "region of Nicaragua". Dunn, 1951, Copeia, 1951: 58, noted that the data "Machuca", Nicaragua. Synonymy with Dendrobates typographus by Cope, 1875 "1876", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, (2)8: 102; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus.: 148. Synonymy (with Dendrobates typographus) by Werner, 1901, Verh. Zool. Bot. Wien, 51: 631. Synonymy by Savage, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 761; Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 11. 

• Hylaplesia typographa--Günther, 1900, Biol. Centr.-Am., Batr.: 207. 

•  Dendrobates typographicus--Oertter, 1951, Aquar. Terrar. Z., 4: 48-49. Unjustified emendation. 

• Dendrobates galindoi Trapido, 1953, Fieldiana: Zool., 34: 182. Holotype: FMNH 71053. Type locality: "altitude 20 feet ... at the edge of the village of Bastimentos, island of Bastimento, Bocas del Toro Province, Republic of Panama". Synonymy by Savage, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 761; Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 27.

ENGLISH NAME(S):  Strawberry Poison Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Sci. Common Names Rept. Amph. World: 50). Red-and-blue Poison Frog (CITES).Flaming Poison Frog (CITES).

DISTRIBUTION: Lowland forests of the Caribbean drainage of Central America, from northern Nicaragua to western Panama.

COMMENT: In the Dendrobates pumilio group of Silverstone (1975); in the Dendrobates histrionicus group by Myers, Daly, and Martínez, 1984, Am. Mus. Novit., 2783: 19. See accounts by Savage, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 761-762, and Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 37-39. 

Pfeilgiftfrösche (Dendrobatidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Dendrobates auratus 

deutscher Name: Goldbaumsteiger 

Verbreitung: Nicaragua - Kolumbien

Klima im Lebensraum: tropischer Regenwald, Temperaturen tags um 25°C, nachts 20-22°C, rel. LF >90%

  Details                    

SPECIES: Dendrobates auratus (Girard, 1855).

SYNONYMS: 

• Phyllobates auratus Girard, 1855, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7: 226. Holotype: probably USNM 10307 according to Dunn, 1941, Copeia, 1941: 88. Type locality: Taboga Island in the Bay of Panama. 

• Dendrobates latimaculatus Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 125. Holotype: BM 52.12.11.8, according to Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 40. Type locality: "Isthmus of Darien [Panama]". Tentative synonymy by Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 635. Synonymy by Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 11, 40. 

• Hylaplesia aurata--Cope, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 15: 49. 

• Dendrobates tinctorius var. auratus--Steindachner, 1864, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 14: 261. 

• Dendrobates trivittatus auratus--Peters, 1874 "1873", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1873: 618.

• Dendrobates amoenus Werner, 1901, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 51: 627. Holotype: NHMW 16514 (formerly 904.111.95) according to Dunn, 1941, Copeia, 1941: 88, and Häupl and Tiedemann, 1978, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Vert. 1: 16 (formerly in Zoologisches Museum Königsberg, Germany). According to, the holotype is NHMW . Type locality: "Costa Rica". Synonymy by Dunn, 1941, Copeia, 1941: 88; Savage, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 759-760.  

• Phyllobates auratus--XXXXX--source is Silverstone, 1976, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 27: 5.

• Dendrobates auratus--Dunn, 1931, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 393; Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 107.

• Hylaplesia tinctoria latimaculata--Dunn, 1941, Copeia, 1941: 88. Attributed incorrectly to Gunther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 125. 

• Dendrobates tinctorius auratus--Laurent, 1942, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 18(43): 12.

ENGLISH NAME(S): Green and Black Poison Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Sci. Common Names Rept. Amph. World: 49). Green Poison Frog (CITES).

DISTRIBUTION: Southern Nicaragua to the Golfo de Urabá in Colombia on the Caribbean and from Costa Rica through Panama to the lower Atrato River drainage of western Colombia, 0-800 m elevation; introduced in Oahu, Hawaii, USA.

COMMENT: In the Dendrobates tinctorius group. See account by Savage, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 759-760, and Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 40.

Pfeilgiftfrösche (Dendrobatidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Dendrobates sylvaticus 

Verbreitung: Kolumbien, Equador

Klima im Lebensraum:  tropischer Regenwald, Temperaturen tags zwischen 23-25°C, nachts 20°C, rel. LF >90%

Dendrobates sylvaticus wurde erst vor kürzerer Zeit als eigenständige valide Art eingestuft (Lötters et al., 1999). Er galt vorher als Variante von Dendrobates histrionicus (s.u.).

SPECIES: Dendrobates histrionicus Berthold, 1845.

SYNONYMS:

• Dendrobates histrionicus Berthold, 1845, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 1845: 43. Syntypes: ZFMK 28119-21, 28123, AMNH 140863 (formerly ZFMK 28122); ZFMK 28123 designated lectotype by Myers and Böhme, 1996, Am. Mus. Novit., 3185: 8. Type locality: "Neu-Granada .... Provinz Popayan"; clarified by Myers and Böhme, 1996, Am. Mus. Novit., 3185: 17, to "Pacific versant northwestern Colombia, probably upper Río San Juan drainage in the present-day Department of  Risaralda" western Colombia. 

• Hylaplesia de Cocteau Duméril and Bibron, 1841 GORHAM 1974 {status??}

• Dendrobates tinctorius var. cocteani Steindachner, 1864, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 14: 261. Types: XXXX. Type localities: Brazil and Colombia. Cochran and Goin, 1970: 28, suggested that original orthography is in error for cocteaui. 

• Dendrobates tinctorius cocteaui--Boulenger, 1914 "1913", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1913: 1027. Unjustified emendation. Status distinct from Dendrobates tinctorius tinctorius rejected by Laurent, 1942, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg., 18(43): 1-20.

• Dendrobates tinctorius var. coctaei--Boulenger, 1914 "1913", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1913: 1027. Unjustified emendation of cocteaui.

• Dendrobates tinctorius wittei Laurent, 1942, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 28: 12. Holotype: MRHN I.G. 1942, Reg. 62; subsequently reported as IRSNB 1.038 by Lang, 1990, Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg., Doc. Trav., 59: 7. Type locality: "'Los Mangos' (Colombie)". Synonymy by Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 11. 

• Dendrobates tinctorius histrionicus--Laurent, 1942, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 28: 12. 

• Dendrobates histrionica--Dunn, 1944, Caldasia, 2: 520. 

• Dendrobates histrionicus sylvaticus Funkhouser, 1956, Zoologica, New York, 41: 73. Holotype: CAS-SU 10568. Type locality: "Hacienda Espinosa, elevation about 1,000 ft., 9 km. west of Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Province of Pichincha, north-western Ecuador". 

• Dendrobates histrionicus confluens Funkhouser, 1956, Zoologica, New York, 41: 75. Holotype: CAS-SU 13151. Type locality: "La Ciudad (de Madrigar), lying in the pass through the western Cordillera of the Río Patia, Department of Nariño, southwestern Colombia (approximately Long. 77° 30´ W. X Lat. 1° 46´ N.), at an elevation of ±600 mtr." 

• Dendrobates tinctorius confluens--Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 32. 

ENGLISH NAME(S): Harlequin Poison Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Sci. Common Names Rept. Amph. World: 50). Red-and-black Poison Frog (CITES). 

DISTRIBUTION: Chocoan region of western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, below 1000 m elevation. 

COMMENT: In the Dendrobates histrionicus group. 

Pfeilgiftfrösche (Dendrobatidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Phyllobates terribilis 

deutscher Name: schrecklicher Giftfrosch 

Verbreitung: Kolumbien

Klima im Lebensraum: tropischer Regenwald, Temperaturen tags zwischen 25-30°C, nachts 22°C, rel. LF >90%

  Details                    

SPECIES: Phyllobates terribilis Myers, Daly, and Malkin, 1978.

Phyllobates terribilis Myers, Daly, and Malkin, 1978, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 161: 313. Holotype: AMNH 88876. Type locality: "lowland rain forest at Quebrada Guanguí, about 0.5 km above its junction with Río Patia, 100-200 m elevation, in upper Río Saija drainage, Department of Cauca, Colombia". 

ENGLISH NAME(S): Golden Poison Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Sci. Common Names Rept. Amph. World: 51). 

DISTRIBUTION: Region of the type locality (Cauca, Colombia), 100-200 m elevation. 

COMMENT: See Lötters, Castro Herrera, Köhler, and Richter, 1997, Rev. Franç. Aquar. Herpetol., 24: 55-58. 

Pfeilgiftfrösche (Dendrobatidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Phyllobates vittatus 

deutscher Name: gestreifter Blattsteiger 

Verbreitung: Costa Rica (Pazifikküste)

Klima im Lebensraum: tropischer Regenwald, Temperaturen tags zwischen 25-30°C, nachts 3°C kühler, rel. LF >90%

SPECIES: Phyllobates vittatus (Cope, 1893).     

SYNONYMS:

• Dendrobates tinctorius vittatus. Cope, 1893, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 31: 340. Type(s): Not traced. Type locality: "Buenos Ayres", (=Buenos Aires, Puntarenas Province,) Costa Rica.      Phyllobates vittatus--Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty., 21: 6, 11. 

ENGLISH NAME(S):  Golfodulcean Poison Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Sci. Common Names Rept. Amph. World: 51). 

DISTRIBUTION: Wet forests of the Golfo Dulce region of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. 

COMMENT: See comment under Phyllobates lugubris. Removed from the synonymy of Phyllobates lugubris by XXXX, where it had been placed by XXXX. 

Laubfrösche (Hylidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Agalychnis callidryas  

deutscher Name: Rotaugenlaubfrosch

Verbreitung: Mexiko - Panama

Klima im Lebensraum: tropischer Regenwald Baumkronenbewohner, Temperaturen tags zwischen 25-30°C, nachts 20-22°C, rel. LF 60-80%

  Details                    Froschruf

SPECIES: Agalychnis callidryas (Cope, 1862).

SYNONYMS:

• Hyla callidryas Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 359. Holotype: ANSP 2091, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 349. Type locality: "Darien", Panama; corrected to Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33: 347; this correction considered unjustified by Dunn and Stuart, 1951, Copeia, 1951: 57, and Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 1: 102. 

• Agalychnis callidryas--Cope, 1864, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 16: 181. Cope, 1865, Nat. Hist. Rev.. N.S., 5: 110. 

• Agalychnis helenae Cope, 1885, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 22: 182. Holotype: USNM 13737. Type locality:"Nicaragua'. Synonymy by XXXX. 

• Agalychnis callidryas callidryas--Funkhouser, 1957, Occas. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Stanford Univ., 5: 33.

• Agalychnis callidryas taylori Funkhouser, 1957, Occas. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Stanford Univ., 5: 34. Holotype: EHT 1279 (now FMNH?). Type locality: "Tierra Colorada, Veracruz, Mexico". Status as subspecies rejected by XXXX.

• Phyllomedusa helenae--Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 160: XXX; Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 334.

• Phyllomedusa (Agalychnis) callidryas--B. Lutz, 1950, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 48: 601, 619.

• Phyllomedusa (Agalychnis) helenae--B. Lutz, 1950, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 48: 601, 619.

• Agalychnis callidryas--XXXX.

 ENGLISH NAME(S): Red-eyed Leaf-frog (Campbell, 1998, Amph. Rept. N. Guat. Yuc. Belize: 73). Red-eyed Treefrog (Liner, 1994, Sci. Comm. Names. Amph. Rept. Mexico: 16; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Sci. Common Names Rept. Amph.: 52). 

DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic lowlands of Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico, southeastward on the Caribbean lowlands to central Panama; Pacific lowlands of southern Costa Rica and eastern Panama to Turbaco, Bolívar, Colombia. 

COMMENT: Savage and Heyer, 1967, Beitr. Neotrop. Fauna, 5: 111-131, analyzed intraspecific variation.

Laubfrösche (Hylidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Phyllomedusa boliviana  

deutscher Name: Bolivianischer Greif- oder Makifrosch

Verbreitung: Bolivien, nördl. Argentinien, westl. Brasilien

Klima im Lebensraum: bolivianische Trockenwaldzone am Rande der Chaco-Region Baum- und Strauchbewohner, Temperaturen tags zwischen 25-30°C, nachts 20-22°C, rel. LF 50%

  Details      

SPECIES: Phyllomedusa boliviana Boulenger, 1902.

Phyllomedusa boliviana Boulenger, 1902, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7)10: 395. Syntypes: BM 1947. 2. 22. 32-33. Type locality: "Chulumani, Bolivia, 2000 metres". Phyllomedusa (Pithecopus) boliviana--B. Lutz, 1950, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 48: 599-637. 

SYNONYMS: 

• Phyllomedusa pailona Shreve, 1959, Breviora, 113: 1. Holotype: MCZ 29677. Type locality: "El Pailon, 5 kilometers from the eastern shore of the Rio Grande, altitude 350 meters, Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia". Synonymy by Cannatella, 1983, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 96: 60. 

• Pithecopus boliviana--B. Lutz, 1966, Copeia, 1966: 236. 

• Phyllomedusa boliviana--XXXX 

ENGLISH NAME(S): Red-rimmed Leaf Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Sci. Common Names Rept. Amph. World: 62). 

DISTRIBUTION: Amazonian slopes of Andes and lowlands in Bolivia, northern Argentina, and western Mato Grosso and Rôndonia, Brazil. 

COMMENT: See Cannatella, 1983, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 96: 59-66, for account. Cei, 1980, Monit. Zool. Ital., N. S., Monogr. 2: 434-435, provided an account under the name Phyllomedusa pailona. 

Breeding biology of the leaf frog,

Phyllomedusa boliviana

(pdf-file, 369 kb)

Laubfrösche (Hylidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Smilisca phaeota  

deutscher Name: Costa Rica- oder Masken-Laubfrosch 

Verbreitung: nördl. Nicaragua - nördl. Kolumbien

Klima im Lebensraum: Bewohner des Tieflandregenwalds bis 1000 m Höhe, Temperaturen tags zwischen 25-30°C, nachts 20-22°C, rel. LF 60-90%

  Details            

 SPECIES: Smilisca phaeota (Cope, 1862).

SYNONYMS: 

• Hyla phaeota Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 358. Holotype: USNM 4347. Type locality: "Turbo, [Intendencia de Chocó, Colombia,] New Granada".

• Hyla baudini dolomedes Barbour, 1923, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 129: 11. Holotype: MCZ 8539. Type locality: "Rio Esnápe, Sambú Valley, eastern Panama". Synonymy by Dunn, 1931, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 413. 

• Hyla carinata Andersson, 1939 "1938", Ark. Zool., 30A(23): 22. Syntypes: NHRM 1874 (3 specimens). Type locality: "San José. Tarraco", Bolivia. This locality considered erroneous by De la Riva, 1993, Herpetol. J., 3: 113-114, who discussed why the likely provenance was probably Chocoan Ecuador or Colombia, and placed this name in synonymy. 

• Smilisca phaeota--Starrett, 1960, Copeia, 1960: 303. 

ENGLISH NAME(S): New Granada Cross-banded Treefrog (Smilisca phaeota: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Sci. Common Names Rept. Amph. World: 65). Tarraco Treefrog (Hyla carinata: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Sci. Common Names Rept. Amph.: 54). 

DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean lowlands of Central America from Nicaragua to northwestern Colombia; Pacific lowlands of southeastern Costa Rica, eastern Panama, Colombia, and northwestern Ecuador; valley of the Río Magdalena, Colombia. 

COMMENT: Reviewed by Duellman, 1968, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 61.1-2. 

Laubfrösche (Hylidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Phyllomedusa lemur  

deutscher Name: Lemurenlaubfrosch 

Verbreitung: Costa Rica, Panama

Klima im Lebensraum: Bewohner des Prämontanregenwalds ab 400 m Höhe, Temperaturen tags bis 24-26 °C, nachts 20-22 °C, rel. LF 60-90 %

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Kröten (Bufonidae)

wissenschaftlicher Name: Melanophryniscus klappenbachi

deutscher Name: Schwarzkröte, Pampaskröte 

Verbreitung:

Klima im Lebensraum: Bewohner des Tieflandregenwalds bis 1000 m Höhe, Temperaturen tags zwischen 25-30°C, nachts 20-22°C, rel. LF 60-90%

  Details